Khutbah 04/09/2010 - Rights and Responsibilities of Muslim Children
If the husband has rights, and the wife has rights, and the parents have rights, the environment and even the animals have rights, then do our beloved children have rights, and do they have responsibilities?
A man came to عمر بن الخطاب to complain about his son’s disobedience.
The son answered by claiming his right from his father,
he said,
“ Ameer Al-Mumeneen, my father disobeyed me before I disobeyed him. He choose a bad illiterate mother for me,
and gave me the name of an insect, and did not teach me a word of the Book of Allah.”
We struggle to secure the best education for our children, and push them to get the highest degrees to protect their future. But, did we protect them with an education that will save him from the Hellfire of جهنم?
Islam provides unprecedented rights and protection to children and youth.
First: The child has the right of living.
Allah said: و لا تقتلوا أولادكم Do not murder your children.
قد خسر الذين قتلوا أولادهم
Those who killed their own children have lost
In the authentic Hadeeth Rasool Allah asked his companions: Whom do you consider a barren man amongst you?
They said: One who does not have any children.
Rasool Allah said:
No, he is one who has children, but did not up bring any of them for Allah.
What if we leave our children without Islamic education and values?
They would depart us lacking all Islamic knowledge and manners, and grow to fight against Islam or to at least resist it.
The Muslim children are a shining light for this world.
The orphan is not one whose parents had died. An Orphan is one whose mother ignored him and his father was always busy and unavailable.
Your child has the right to talk to you often. You have to provide him with good books and magazines to read, and games to play, and to select the appropriate activities to occupy his time.
We have to respect our children and give them responsibilities
appropriate for their ages.
We have to teach them calmness and organization, and take them to the Masjid for Salaah and teach them to be good and to always do good.
Islam protects the rights of Orphans: Allah says:
أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يُكَذِّبُ بِالدِّينِ ، فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَدُعُّ الْيَتِيمَ
“Have you seen him who denies Islam? That is the one who treats the orphan with harshness.
(إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا)
Those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans, they are only eating up a Fire into their own bodies: They will soon be enduring a Blazing Fire!
One of the reasons behind revealing these verses is that the Arab of جاهلية (the Time of Ignorance before Islam) used to deny rights to children.
Then In Islam the cousins of أوس بن ثابتwanted to deny his children their rights, but Allah revealed these verses of the Quran to protect these children’s rights.
Because our children are unable to protect themselves, they have the right to be protected from all types of harm.
While children enjoy this protection in Islam, we are reminded of children who were harmed at many non-Muslim places of worship, until priests faced the oppressing priests to stop them harassing the children. Look at the beauty of Islam when it protects children, defends them, and fights homosexuality.
Spending on Our Children:
Spending on our Children is a Wajeb, a Required Duty, by the agreement of Muslim Scholars. And this it is a way to protect children from homelessness.
When Abu Sufian would not spend on his wife Hind, the Prophet allowed Hind to take from Abu Sufian’s money for her and his child without his permission.
This is Islam that preceded all employment laws to grant children money to prevent them from envy, depression, and stealing.
النعمان بن بشير refused to divide inherence between children until he made sure they each received equal shares in looks, smiles, and clothing.
ام سلمة took great measures to spend on her children, for they are the beauty of this world as Allah says in the Quran.
Mercy on Children:
Because of the mercy of Islam we see how Rasool Allah allowed carrying children during the Salah.
And when he would hear a child crying he would speed up his Salah in sympathy with their mothers.
Rasool Allah would step down from the pulpit to carry Al-Hasan and Al-Husien and kiss them, and recite
إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ وَاللَّهُ عِندَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ
Your money and your children are only a trial: But Allah has the highest reward.
Rasool Allah would allow young girls to come play with Aisha in consideration of her young age.
Our Scholars provide accounts where children would urinate in the Messenger’s lap, but he would still be merciful and caring of them.
This amazing mercy was for all children, leading زيد بن حارثة to leave his family and stay with Rasool Allah.
The Prophet also took علي بن أبي طالب to raise him in his own house, and the children of أم سلمة .
When الأقرع بن حابسsaid that:
“I never kissed any of my children.”
Rasool Allah answered:
What would I do to you, if Allah has deprived your heart of mercy?
This mercy included children, whom the Prophet would meet in the streets, such as عمير بن أبي وقاصwhom the prophet would ask him about a little bird that he had seen with him.
He even gave glad tidings of Paradise to a woman who split a date between her children, and to those who have patience over their children’s death.
Responsibilities of Muslim Children
Children not only have rights, but they also have responsibilities. Islam commands children to learn Salaah by age 7, and manners by age 10.
We have to teach them monotheism and believing in Allah the only God at this young age as they are easy to shape and influence by sound and simple education.
As part of the cleansing and educational process the Angels, Al-Wahi, split the chest of Muhammad (S) multiple times at young age.
Rasool Allah said,
“Allah taught manners me and excelled teaching me.”
Humans have lower learning on Earth: (Such as Mariyam being assigned to the care of Zakariya) and a higher learning from Allah (and that you might be brought up before My eyes).
Teaching cannot be done in cruelty and never begins with punishment.
Rasool Allah would teach children how to avoid mistakes, for when Al-Hasan put a date in his mouth Rasool Allah took it out and said:
“كخ كخ throw it out this is from dates of صدقة (Charity)”and he did not excuse him because of young age.
Rasool Allah would teach أنسto greet his family with Salaam when he enters his house, and to not reveal secrets he was entrusted to keep to the extent that his mother asked him once
but he refused to reveal, so she said, “May Allah Bless you for keeping the Prophet’s secrets.”
The Prophet also teaches us the duties of children. One man brought his young child and asked Rasool Allah if his Hajj would be accepted.
Rasool Allah answered,
“yes, and you get rewards, and if you teach and encourage him to worship and to do good, you both get rewards.”
Rasool Allah taught us to give children both mental and physical such as sports.
He taught الفضل بن عباس not to look at women, and taught عبد الله بن عباس lessons in fiqh, and taught عمر بن سلمة the manners of eating, and taught other Muslim children wrestling and martial arts and much more.
The mothers of Imam الشافعي - Imam أحمد and the mother of التابعي ربيعة بن فروخ(who is the teacher of Imam مالك and Imam أبو حنيفة) spent all of their money on teaching their children and taking them to many teachers.
These mothers would sit and wait for their children from Fajr until Thuhr time when classes would end.
الخليفة هارون الرشيد took exceptional care in teaching his children until they would carry the shoes of their teacher الكسائي .
الخليفة عمر بن عبد العزيز made his son his friend, and would consult him and seek his advise as he grew up.
Yet none of this distracted these fathers and mothers
from their other duties.
It is the duty of children to obey and respect their parents, of which there are many examples.
One man would kiss his mother’s feet before leaving his house, and he would say, “here is Paradise.”
The child must be taught enough to straighten his Islam, to carry out its rites, and to aid it and protect it, and learning the Quran is the best protection.
And for a man or woman to teach their child is better than giving a great Sadaqah (charity).
And Allah would ask every parent whether they taught and prepared, or ignored and abandoned.
Caring for children is in every aspect of Islam, we are permitted to carry them during Salaah, and Scholars encourage us to teach them by example.
Children mimic their parents’ behavior, when they see their fathers respecting their mothers, and lower their voices in talking to them, and treat them with love and mercy.
Children also learn when the parents make دعاءbefore leaving home, or riding the car or when waking up in the morning or sleeping at night.
To be successful in raising our children we must give them their rights by teaching them, then we can expect them to carry out their responsibility by obeying their parents, treating them with mercy, kissing their hands in respect, raising their hands in دعاء for them in Salaah, nursing them in their illnesses, and asking Allah to forgive them after their death.
الدعاء
O’ Allah make us on the correct way of Islam and the way of our prophet Mohammad (PBUH) and fill our hearts with love for Prophet Mohammad.
O’ Allah give us the ability to do all the good deeds
O’ Allah unite the Muslims and return them to their high status
O’ Allah guide our Muslim youth and make them a great nation, like you made the Companions the best of all nations.
O’ Allah make us do prayer الصلاة on time and accept our prayer, supplication ( دعاء ) and charity ( صدقة)
O’ Allah forgive our sins, and the sins of our parents and the sins of all the Muslims, who are living or dead
O’ Allah make us a mercy for our relatives and our families.
O’ Allah protect us and our families and all Muslims from evil.
O’ Allah be pleased with us, and grant us your full forgiveness, and a home in your highest paradise, and permission to look upon your most beautiful face.
موضوع حول حقوق الأطفال
إذا كان للزوج حقوق وواجبات و كذالك للزوجة و حتى للحيوانات حقوق و ضعتها القوانين و سطرتها فهل لفلذة الكبد أطفا لنا أو لادنا حقوق و عليهم و اجبات ، إذا كان الرجل جاء إلي عمر بن الخطاب يشكو و لده فقام الولد الصغير ليأخذ حقه الذي حرم منه ، فقال يا أمير المؤمنين اختار لي أما زنجية ( جاهلة) و سماني جعرانا اى صرصورا و لم يعلمني حرفا من كتاب الله ، إذا كنا ننظر إلى أي مدرسة و أي شهادة يحوزها الطفل فهل حميناه بشهادة لينجو من نار جهنم.
إن حماية الإسلام لبني الانسان سابقة للأعراف و القوانين. فللولد(الطفل) حق الحياة ، قال تعالى ( و لا تقتلوا أولادكم) ( قد خسر الذين قتلوا أولادهم) وفي الحديث الصحيح قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم ما تعدون الرقوب فيكم، قالوا من لا و لد له ( مقطوع) قال لا: الذى له أولاد، ولكنه لم يجعل واحدا منهم لله.
كيف بنا وقد تركنا أولادنا بغير تربية ، بل خرجوا من عندنا يحاربون دين الله فلا علم و لا خلق ، وقد كان أطفال الاسلام نور للدنيا ، ليس اليتيم من انتهى ابواه من ذل الحياة و خلفاه ذليلا إن اليتيم الذي تلقى له أما تخلت أو أبا مشغولا
من حق ابنك أن تجعل له لقاء فى الأسرة ، تلقى آمامه المجلة النافقعه و اللعبة النافعه ، و تختار له الأنشطه المناسبه ليفرغ طاقاته، و نفخفمه و نعظمه و تسند إليه المسؤليات على قدر سنه ، و تعوده على النظام بهدوء و نصطحبه معك للصلوات و للخير.
كذلك حفظ حقوقه ، إن كان يتيما ، قال تعالى (أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يُكَذِّبُ بِالدِّينِ ، فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَدُعُّ الْيَتِيمَ) (إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا) و لهذه الآيات أسباب و منها أن الجاهليه كانت تمنع حقوق الأطفال من البنات و أراد أبناء عم - أوس بن ثابت- أن يحرموا أطفاله في الاسلام ، فنزل القرآن مدافعا عن حقوق الأولاد
كذلك من حق الأطفال أن ننصرهم ولا نتعدى عليهم فهم يعجزون عن الدفاع عن أنفسهم و كم من أماكن عبادة اعتدت على أطفال حتى قام القساوسة ضد إخوانهم ليرحموا الأطفال و لا يحترشون بهم فما أجمل الإسلام و هو يدافع عن الطفل و ينصره ويحارب اللواط.
كذالك الإنفاق على الطفل وهد واجب بإجماع الفقهاء- و لما منع أبو سفيان المال ، سمح النبي(ص) لزوجته (هند) أن تأخذ بغير إذنه لها وأيضا لطفلها ، و بذالك نحفظ الأطفال من التشريد ، و ها هو الاسلام سبق قوانين العمل كلها و حمى الاطفال حتى لا تشاهد السرقه و لا الحسد و لا الشعور بالنقص ولم يوافق النعمان بن بشيرعلى تقسيم بعض التركة لولد دون آخر حتى يساوى بين الأولاد جميعا حتى فى النظرة والبسمة والكسوة . ولقد اهتمت أم سلمة بنفقة أولادها فالأولاد هم أمل الحياة (المال والبنون زينة الحياة الدنيا)
ولقد وصلت الرحمة إلى أن أباح النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم حمل الأطفال فى الصلوات حتى الفرائض وكان النبى حينما يسمع الطفل يبكى يقصر فى الصلاة لعلمه (ص) بقلوب الأمهات وكان ينزل من على المنبر للحسن والحسين ويأخذهما وبقبلهما ويقرأ ( إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ وَاللَّهُ عِندَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ )
وكان يأتى بالبنات الصغار يلعبن مع عائشة وهو فى كل ذلك يراعى سنها الصغير ولوسألت الفقهاء عن بول الصبى لقالوا مرات عديدة الأطفال يبولون فى حجر النبى ممايدل على حمله ورحمته بالأولاد (ص )
والرحمة تخطت إلى أولاد المسلمين جميعا _ حتى زيد بن حارثة ترك أهله واختار رسول الله لقلبه الرحيم وكذلك أخذ عليا بن ابى طالب ليربيه واهتم كذلك بأولاد أم سلمة الذين كانوا عنده ، وقد قال للأقرع بن حابس حينما أخبره أنه لم يقبل أحدا من أولاده - ماذا أفعل لك وقد نزع الله الرحمة من قلبك وقد فاضت رحمته (ص) حتى على الأولاد فى الطرقات كعمير بن ابى وقاص الذى كان يساله عن عصفوره ، وقد بشر المرأة التى قسمت التمر بين أطفالها بالجنة ، حتى كل منت مات له أولاد صغار ببيت الحمد فى الجنة
وكما أن للطفل حقوق فعليه واجبات فأمره الإسلام ان يتعلم الصلاة لسبع سنين ويؤدب لعشر سنين ، و نلقنه التوحيد فى الصغر لأنه عجينة بيضاء يشكلها المريى.
وقد اهتم الوحى بالنبى في شق الصدر مرات عديدة ، وقال ادبنى ربي فأحسن تأديبي و ابن آدم له تربية سفلية فى الأرض( وكفلها زكريا ) وتربية علوية من عند الله (ولتصنع على عينى). ولاكون التعليم بالعصا ولا تبدأ التربية بالعقوبة ، وكان النبى يعلم الأطفال اجتناب الخطأ ، وعندما وضع الحسن النتمرة فى فمه أخذها النبى من فمه ويده وقال كخ كخ ألقها هذه من تمر الصدقة ، ولم يهمله بحجة الصغر
وكان يأمر أنس أن يسلم على أهله إذا دخل عليهم و كان يأمره بحفظ السر ، ففعل حتى لما سألته أمه لم يخبرها ، فقالت له بارك الله فيك حفظت سر رسول الله ( ص) .
و من اهتمام الناس بواجبات الأطفال جار فى صحيح مسلم من طريق حج النبى ( ص) ألهذا حج قال نعم و لك أجر فاذا ما حملت ولدك على الفرائض و على الخير لك و له الأجر
علم الفضل بن العباس الاينظر إلى النساء و علم عبد الله بن العباس دروس العقيدة و علم عمرو بن سلمه الا تطيش يده فى الطعام و علم أولاد المسلمين المصارعه و فنون القتال و غيرها من واجبات الطفل كذلك من واجبان الطفل تعلمه أسرته العلم و الفروسية
و كانت أم الشافعي ، ام الإمام أحمد ، أم ربيعة الرأى أستاذ لإمام مالك كلهن انفقن المال على تعليم الأولاد و اختلافهم على الشيوخ و كن يجلس و يصبرن من الفجر إلى الظهر حتى انتهاء أوقات الدروس
لقد اهتم هارون الرشيد بأولاده حتى أصبحوا يحملون حذاء الكسائى ( معلمهم) و يحكى لنا التاريخ كيف كان عمر بن عبد العزيز يصاحب ابنه ويشاوره لما شباعه الطفولة و مع كل هذا ما شغلوهم عن دعوتهم و دينهم كان بقول أحدهم ساعة خروجه و طفله مريض جده أعلم بالمقابر و لم يتأخر عن دعوته و طريقه.
ومن واجبات الطفل البر بالوالدين و هنا أمثله كثيرة حتى كان أحدهم ما يخرج إلا ان يقبل قدم أمه ويقول هناك الجنة و لا بد من تعلم الطفل ما يقوم به دينه و القرآن فى جوفه خير سلاح و إقامه الشعائر ولاعتزاز بالإسلام
و لأن يؤدب أحدكم طفله خير له من يتصرف بصاع و الله سائل كل راع عما استرعاه حفظ أم ضيع
و الاهتمام وصل إلى حمل الطفل فى الصلاة و أجازه الفقه و العلماء و علموا الأطفال بالقدوة قبل الكلام فاحترم الزوج زوجته و حفضوا أصواتهم فعلموا الأولاد كيف يخفضون أصواتهم أمامهن ونظروا إليه نظرة رحمة فعلموها الا يحتقر أحدا و علموهم الدعاء ساعة الخروج من البيت و ساعة الركوب للسيارات و أذكار الصباح و المساء فتعلموا و دعا الأطفال لآبائهم و أمهاتهم فى الصلاة وقبلوا أيديها و قال لهما جزاكما الله خيرا ، واهتموا بهما ساعات المرض لأن الوالدين قد فعلا ذلك معهم و أثمرت التربية.