Khutbah 04/02/2010 - Selecting the First Khalifah: Abu Bakr
كارثة وأي كارثة، وأظلمت المدينة، وأصاب الحزن والهم والكمد كل شيء فيها، كل شيء، ليس الصحابة فقط، بل نخيل المدينة، وديار المدينة، وطرق المدينة، ودواب المدينة، إذا كان جذع نخلة قد حن لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لما فارقه؛ ليخطب من فوق المنبر بدلًا منه، حتى سمع الصحابة لجذع النخلة أنينًا، وما سكن حتى جاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فمسح بيده على الجذع حتى سكن، إذا كان الجذع فعل ذلك ورسول الله فارقه إلى منبر يبعد خطوات معدودات، فكيف بفراق لا رجعة فيه إلى يوم القيامة، والصحابة،ماذا يفعلون؟أتطيب نفوسهم أن يهيلوا التراب على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ تقطعت قلوب الصحابة، وتمزقت نفوسهم، وتحطمت مشاعرهم،
Last week we spoke about the death of Prophet Mohammad, and the shock in Madina upon his death.
Prophet Mohammad held a unique place among his people.
He was everything to them.
The Quran said these people were “dead” before Islam
Before Rasool Alalh they were ignorant pagans.
He had made them a nation
of peaceful, God-fearing people.
يقول أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه:
ما رأيت يومًا قطّ كان أحسن ولا أضوأ، من يوم دخل علينا فيه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وما رأيت يومًا قطّ كان أقبح ولا أظلم، من يوم مات فيه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
Anas Ibn Malik Says:
I never lived a day finer or brighter
than the day Rasool Allah entered Madina
And I never saw a day darker or uglier
than the day when Rasool Allah died.
يقول الله سبحانه وتعالى:
يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ كَثِيرًا مِّمَّا كُنتُمْ تُخْفُونَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَعْفُو عَن كَثِيرٍ ۚقَدْ جَاءَكُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ نُورٌ وَكِتَابٌ مُّبِينٌ -- يَهْدِي بِهِ اللَّهُ مَنِ اتَّبَعَ رِضْوَانَهُ سُبُلَ السَّلَامِ وَيُخْرِجُهُم مِّنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ
Allah says:
O People of the Book. Our Messenger has come to you…
There has come to you from Allah. Light and a clear Book
With it Allah guides all who seek His good pleasure
to ways of peace and safety,
and leads them out of darkness, by His will into the light, and guides them to the right path
The news of the Prophet's death shocked everyone.
How could it be?
Death was unbelievable.
That simply could not be.
Huge crowds gathered in the mosque.
No one knew what to do.
There was utter confusion.
يقول أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه:
لما قُبِض رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أظلمت المدينة، حتى لم ينظر بعضنا إلى بعض، وكان أحدنا يبسط يده فلا يراها، وما فرغنا من دفنه حتى أنكرنا قلوبنا.
When Rasool Allah died
Madina was in complete darkness
None of us even looked at one another
One of us would extend his hand
and would not even be able to see it
When we finished burying Rasool Allah
We blamed our hearts for placing him in the earth.
Those hearts that Rasool Allah made soft in his life.
ما أصعب الموقف بعد وفاة رسول الله ، وما أعقده وما أحزنه
ومع كون فتنة موت الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم،وفراقه إلى يوم القيامة فتنة عظيمة، ومصيبة هائلة،وكانت هذه أعصب فترة تمر بالإسلام والمسلمين ، وكان النجاح فيها مصيريافوفاة رسول الله لم تكن الفتنة الوحيدة التي مرت بالمسلمين في هذه الأيام الحزينة، فإلى جوار فتنة الموت والفراق كانت هناك فتن أخرى عظيمة، وتحديات كبيرة كان منها:
أولًا: مات أحب الخلق إلى قلوب الصحابة، وفراقه مصيبة.
ثانيًا: انقطع الوحي بالكلية إلى يوم القيامة.
ثالثاُ: ليس هناك من يقارب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في الفضل حتى يستبدله الناس به.
رابعًا: الأسماء المطروحة لخلافة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم كثيرة وكلها عظيمة.
خامسًا: أعداد كبيرة جدًا، ما دخلت الإسلام إلا حديثا ، وكثير من المؤلّفة قلوبهم ضعيفي الإيمان.
سادسًا: الردة الخطيرة الموجودة في بني حنيفة واليمن.
سابعًا: كثرة المنافقين بالمدينة وتربصهم الدوائر بالمسلمين.
ثامنًا: دولة الفرس المعادية تلتصق حدودها بالدولة الإسلامية من جهة الشرق وقد تغزوها.
تاسعًا: دولة الروم المعادية تلتصق حدودها بالدولة الإسلامية ، والعلاقة توحي بلقاء حربي قريب.
عاشرًا: اليهود في خيبر تغلي قلوبهم على ما فقدوامن عز ، وبوادر خيانتهم وشيكة.
The death of Rasool Allah
Was a major trial for Islam and Muslims
But it was not the only challenge
During those sad and difficult days
We can name eight major challenges facing Muslims
That the companions needed to successfully handle
For Islam to grow stronger after Rasool Allah.
ONE: The End of the Revelations from Allah
TWO: Who will be Khalifah after Rasool Allah?
Three: The great numbers of New Muslim
FOUR: False Prophets and Apostasy
FIVE:The Hypocrites المنافقون
SIX: The Romans and Persians
Seven: Jews of Madina who lost control of Madina after Islam
موقف بنو إسرائيل حين ذهب موسى لميقات ربه أربعين ليلة
في هذا الموقف المعقد المتشابك والمدينة المنورة كالسفينة الصغيرة، في بحر هائج تتلاطمها الأمواج العاتية، وقد مات قبطانها في الموقف الرهيب الفريد، أينالنجاة؟
إذن هذه فتنة ضخمة، الواحدة منها قد تعصف بأمة، بنو إسرائيل لما ظنوا مجرد الظن أن موسى عليه السلام قد مات، وذلك عندما ذهب لميقات ربه أربعين ليلة . ماذا فعلوا؟
عبدوا العجل، وفي وجود هارون عليه السلام، لكنه لم يكن في قوة موسى، فتمردوا عليه، وتعامل هو بالحكمة معهم، حتى يرجع موسى . هذا فيأربعين ليلة فقط، وليس عندهم يقين في موته!
أما رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ميت بين أظهرهم، والكل يعلم أنه مات، كم من الرجال سيقلدون بني إسرائيل فيفعلتهم الشنيعة؟
To summarize
There were 10 major crisis
That Islam faced when Rasool Allah died
Madina was like a small ship
whose captain had died in the middle of a storm
This is a great a crisis
That has the potential to destroy a nation
When موسى went for 40 days to meet Allah
Some in the Children of Israel thought موسى had died
So they worshipped the calf instead of Allah
And ignored هارون who was not as strong as موسى
هارون handled them with wisdom.
and waited for موسى to come back
This was when موسى had told them he would return
And Even though هارون was with them
And even though they were not sure موسى was dead.
So what happens with Rasool Allah really dies
Before all the companions
And there is no doubt in his death
What will the Muslims do?
And how many will do like the Children of Israel?
يجب أختيار خليفة
بتحليل الموقف نجد أنه لا نجاة إلا باختيار سريع، وسريع جدًا، لخليفة يخلف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في حكم الدولة الإسلامية، فقدان الخلافة أو ضياعالخلافة كارثة مهولة، الخلافة والخليفة كالخيط ينتظم حبات العقد في عقد واحد جميل، بغير هذا الخيط ستضيع الحبات لا محالة، لا يشفع للحبات هنا كونها جميلة أوبراقة، كذلك أمة الإسلام، إذا غاب منصب الخلافة فلن يجتمع المسلمون، ولو كانوا صالحين، فرقة هنا، وفرقة هناك، قبيلة هنا، وقبيلة هناك، دولة هنا، ودولة هناك،وستظل الفرقة في غياب الخلافة، وهذه هي مصيبتنا العظيمة في زماننا الآن، غابت الخلافة، وآخرها كانت الخلافة العثمانية، فتفرق المسلمون، حتى وإن كانتالخلافة ضعيفة، فهي واجبة فالاجتماع على ضعف خير من التفرق على قوة، وهذا أمر عام في كل حياة المسلمين، إذا اجتمعوا على رجل كانت البركة والقوة، وإذاتفرقوا كان الفشل والضعف، ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يلفت النظر إلى ذلك حتى في أدق الأمور، روى أبو داود بإسناد حسن عن أبي سعيد الخدري، وعنأبي هريرة رضي الله عنهما قالا:
قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: إِذَا خَرَجَ ثَلَاثَةٌ فِي سَفَرٍ فَلْيُؤَمِّرُوا أَحَدَهُمْ.
والصحابة الكرام أفضل أهل الأرض بعد الأنبياء، وخير القرون في هذه الأمة، يفقهون هذه الحقائق بوضوح، ويعلمون مدى الخطورة المنتظرة لأي تأخير فياختيار هذا الخليفة مهما كان اسمه، لذلك قام الصحابة الكرام بمشروع أحسبه من أرقى، وأجَلّ المشاريع الحضارية في التاريخ، مشروع اختيار الخليفة، والقائد،والربان للسفينة، مع كل الأحزان والهموم، والآلام، لا بد أن تسير الحياة، ولا تتوقف لموت بشر أو زعيم، وإن كان رسول الله صلىاللهعليهوسلم.
Choosing a Khlaifah
The first problem before the people
was the election of a new leader.
There must be a head of the Muslim State
Rasool Allah says
إِذَا خَرَجَ ثَلَاثَةٌ فِي سَفَرٍ فَلْيُؤَمِّرُوا أَحَدَهُمْ.
“If three people leave on travel.
They must select a leader.”
The need was too urgent to allow delay.
Delay means disorder and the undoing
of all that the Messenger of Allah had done.
The prophet of Allah had died
but the head of the state had to live on.
How will Muslims achieve this?
And what critical role did Abu Bakr play?
This is what we will learn next week In Sha’ Allah.
We spoke last week about the death of Rasool Allah
And the many great dangers to Islam
That surrounded the companions on that day
We saw how Abu Bakr addressed the masses
And restored order with his most important speech
"O people!
If anyone among you worshipped Muhammad,
let him know that Muhammad is dead.
But those who worship Allah,
let them know that He livesand will never die.
Then he read the words of the Qur'an.
`Muhammad is only a Messenger of Allah
There have been Messengers before him.
What then, will you turn back from Islam,
if he dies or is killed?"
Now the first problem before the people
was the election of a new leader.
There must be a head of the Muslim State
The need was too urgent to allow delay.
Delay might have meant disorder
and the undoing of all that
the Messenger of Allah had done.
The prophet of Allah had died
but the head of the state had to live on.
The two big groups among Muslims were:
the Muhajirin (refugees from Mecca )
and the Ansar (helpers or the people of Madina).
The Ansar gathered at Sqifat Bani Saida, سقيفة بني ساعدة
their meeting place,
near the house of Saad bin Abada. سعد بن عبادة
The talk naturally centered around the election of a Khalifah.
Saad سعد , the Ansar leader, stood up and said that
the Khalifah must be from among Ansar.
Many voices seconded him.
One man, however, stood up and said,
"But how about the Muhajirin?
They have perhaps a better claim?"
Someone suggested:
"Then let there be two Khalifahs
one from among the Ansar,
and another from Muhajirin."
Someone told Abu Bakr
what was going on at this gathering.
Abu Bakr saw the need to act quickly
or confusion might set in again.
So taking with him a part of Muhajirin
he went to Saqifat Bani Saida.
He addressed the gathering and said,
"Both the Muhajirin and the Ansar
have done great services to Islam.
But the Muhajirin were the first to accept Islam.
They were always very close
to the Messenger of Allah.
So, O Ansar,
let the Khalifah be from among them."
To this,
a man from the Khazraj الخزرج tribe replied,
"If you don't want a Khalifah from among us,
let there be two Khalifahs,
one an Ansari and the other a Muhajir."
Abu Obaida bin Jarrah said أبو عبيدة بن الجراح
"That won't work.
O Ansar,
you are the people who made Islam strong now,
don't do anything that may undo your work."
Hearing this, another man said,
"O Ansar,
if we did anything for Islam,
we did it to please Allah and His Messenger.
We did not thereby oblige anybody.
This should not be made a plea to win office.
Listen,
Prophet Mohammad belonged to the Quraish tribe.
The Quraish have a greater right to fill his place.
By Allah,
I do not think it right
to fight with them over this matter.
Fear Allah,
and do not oppose them."
The speech of this Ansari companion
Silenced his people of Ansar.
They agreed to have a Muhajir as the Khalifah.
So Abu Bakr said,
"Friends,
I think either Omar or Abu Obaida should be the Khalifah. Chose one of these two men."
Hearing this,
both Omar and Abu Obaida jumped to their feet, and said,
"O Siddiq,
how can that be?
How can anyone else fill this office
as long as you are among us?
You are the top man among the Muhajirin.
You were the companion of Prophet in the Thaur Cave.
You led prayers in his place,
during his last illness.
Prayer is the foremost thing in Islam.
With all these qualifications,
you are the person most fit
to be the successor of Prophet Mohammad.
Hold out your hand
that we many pledge loyalty to you."
But Abu Bakr did not stretch out his hand.
Omar saw that delay
might lead to the reopening
of the Khilafah question.
Which could easily create difficulties.
So Omar himself took Abu Bakr's hand
and pledged loyalty to him.
Others followed his example.
Men from all sides rushed to pledge loyalty
to the successor of the Prophet.
Abu Bakr became Khalifah
by the general consent of the people.
The First Address of Abu Bakr: خطبة أبوبكر الأولى
On the following day,
Abu Bakr went to the Prophet's Masjid
Here he took the general oath of loyalty.
When this was over,
Abu Bakr mounted the pulpit
as the First Khalifah of Islam.
Then he spoke to the gathering as follows:
"O people,
I have been elected your leader,
although I am not better than anyone from among you.
If I do any good,
give me your support.
If I go wrong, set me right.
Listen,
truth is honesty
and untruth is dishonesty.
The weak among you
are powerful in my eyes,
as long as I do not get them their due,
Allah willing.
The powerful among you
are weak in my eyes,
as long as I do not take away from them
what is due to others,
Allah willing."
"Listen,
if people give up striving for the cause of Allah,
Allah sends down disgrace on them.
If a people become evil doers,
Allah sends down calamities on them."
"Listen,
you must obey me
as long as I obey Allah and His Messenger.
If I disobey Allah and His Messenger,
you are free to disobey me."
Such was the greatest charter of freedom
granted by the first Khalifah of Islam
to his people,
on the first day of his rule,
and without their asking.
Abu Bakr showed by his example
that in Islam government means:
government of the people,
by the people and for the people.
May Allah make us all be like Abu Bakr
And grant us leaders like Abu Bakr.
الدعاء
O’ Allah make us on the correct way of Islam
and the way of our prophet Mohammad (PBUH)
and fill our hearts with love for Prophet Mohammad.
O’ Allah give us the ability to do all the good deeds
O’ Allah unite the Muslims and return them to their high status
O’ Allah guide our Muslim youth and make them a great nation,
like you made the Companions the best of all nations.
O’ Allah make us do prayer
الصلاة on time
and accept our prayer, supplication ( دعاء ) and charity (
صدقة)
O’ Allah forgive our sins, and the sins of our parents
and the sins of all the Muslims, who are living or dead
O’ Allah make us a mercy for our relatives and our families.
O’ Allah protect us and our families and all Muslims from evil.
O’ Allah be pleased with us,
and grant us your full forgiveness,
and a home in your highest paradise,
and permission to look upon your most beautiful face.